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The History of Space Travel

Beginnings and Ideas (before the 20th century)
  • Even in ancient times, people dreamed of flying and the sky. Myths such as Icarus show this.
  • In the 17th century, Johannes Kepler formulated the first ideas about space travel.
  • In the 19th century, Jules Verne presented the first fictional concepts in novels such as “From the Earth to the Moon”.

The Foundations (1900-1945)
  • Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (Russia): developed theoretical foundations for rocket propulsion.
  • Hermann Oberth (Germany) & Robert Goddard (USA): first practical rocket tests.
  • 1942: The V2 rocket (developed by Wernher von Braun) flies into suborbital space for the first time.

Drone

The Space Race - Cold War (1945-1990)
  • 1957: The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 1, the first satellite.
  • 1961: Yuri Gagarin becomes the first man in space.
  • 1969: The USA lands Apollo 11 on the moon - Neil Armstrong is the first man to walk on its surface.
  • 1970s: Long-term stays in space: Skylab (USA) & Salyut stations (USSR).
  • 1975: First collaboration: Apollo-Soyuz test project.
  • 1980s: Development of the Space Shuttle program (USA).
  • 1980s: USSR launches Mir, the first permanent space station.

Modern Space Travel (1990-today)
  • International cooperation: construction of the International Space Station (ISS) begins.
  • Private space travel begins: SpaceX (founded in 2002), Blue Origin, Virgin Galactic.
  • Space travel becomes increasingly commercialized.
  • Return to the moon & Mars plans: Artemis program (NASA), Mars rover Perseverance.
  • SpaceX takes astronauts to the ISS for the first time (Crew Dragon).
  • James Webb telescope launched (2021), look into the depths of the universe.

The Future
  • Mars missions: manned flights planned for the 2030s.
  • Moon base: NASA & ESA are planning a permanent presence.
  • Space tourism: first private flights are a reality, prices are slowly falling.
  • New players: China, India, and soon Africa and smaller space agencies are getting involved.

Source (2025): ChatGPT - History of Space Travel

Word for the day

"Flying might not be all plain sailing, but the fun of it is worth the price."
Amelia Earhart (1897-1939)
American Aviation Pioneer

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